Strikes, to damage the victim more severely than is possible by biting and kicking. These weapons both enable the warrior to attack his opponent at a greater distance than if he had to depend on hands and teeth alone, and, by storing energy which is released all at once when the weapon All his many weapons developed since have had the same purpose to kill, wound, or otherwise subdue his enemies in order to compel them to do what the man wanted them to, whether to let themselves be eaten, or to give up their property to the victor, or to lower their taxes. ![]() A million years ago, when he began his climb towards civilization, he probably knew how to throw stones and to hit with a stick. He lacks not only horns and claws, but even the big canine tusks owned by his cousins the apes. This process still goes on in the dizzy pace of technological change that confuses so many people today.Īlthough man, compared to most animals, is a fairly large and powerful creature, he is weakly armed in proportion to his size. Moreover, these inventions allowed men more spare time, which in turn encouraged them to make still more inventions. By these inventions they so increased their food supply that great groups of people became possible, and they could save enough to tempt the plunderers. Real warfare became practical when, between 7,000 and 10,000 years ago, men learned to tame food-animals and raise crops. Hence two of the main courses for war, economic competition and the prospect of robbery, were absent. Furthermore, at that stage of culture nobody ever had enough wealth to be worth stealing. They had then reached the Neolithic or polished stone stage of culture, like that of the most primitive peoples of today.Īs far as we can judge, these hunters and food gatherers did not practice formal warfare, not because they were more virtuous than we are, but because the world’s human population was so small and thinly spread that no occasions arose for large-scale fighting, though no doubt there was a lot of individual assault and murder. Then men learned to finish their stone tools and weapons by grinding and polishing, and to tame the dog to help them hunt. By 10,000 years ago these simple implements had developed into an extensive kit of stone-headed spears, axes, bone harpoons, and the like. Both as members of the armed forces and as citizens, it is our business to be able to weigh the sweeping predictions we hear from time to time about the nature of future warfare and to come out with some sensible result.Ībout 500,000 years ago our ancestors learned to hunt and fight with pointed sticks and flat pieces of flint sharpened on one edge and held in the fist. The economical potential of some of these technologies is analyzed as they can at the same time produce renewable energy, thus reduce and prevent future greenhouse gases emissions, and also present a better societal acceptance comparatively to geoengineering.We are to study the history of naval weapons, first, in order to make the study pf the weapons themselves more interesting, and second, to obtain an idea of how the whole process of the evolution of weapons take place so that we can learn what sort of changes to expect in weapons in the future. The technologies proposed are power-generating systems that are able to transfer heat from the Earth surface to the upper layers of the troposphere and then to the space. In this paper we analyze the physical and technical potential of several disrupting technologies that could combat climate change by enhancing outgoing longwave radiation and cooling down the Earth. ![]() Some geoengineering schemes propose solar radiation management technologies that modify terrestrial albedo or reflect incoming shortwave solar radiation back to space. fusion energy), global warming can be alleviated by other methods. On the other hand, meanwhile effective solutions are developed (i.e. On the one hand, replacing this addiction with carbon dioxide-free renewable energies, and energy efficiency will be long, expensive and difficult. As economic growth and increasing world population require more and more energy, we cannot stop using fossil fuels quickly, nor in a short term. But the world economy is addict to energy, which is mainly produced by fossil carbon fuels. The best way to reduce global warming is, without any doubt, cutting down our anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases.
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